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Zulma Madeleine Boufflar, known as Zulma Bouffar, (24 May 1841 - 20 January 1909), was a French actress and soprano singer, associated with the opéra-bouffe of Paris in the second half of the 19th century who enjoyed a successful career around Europe.〔Gänzl K. Zulma Bouffar. In: ''The New Grove Dictionary of Opera.'' Macmillan, London and New York, 1997.〕 ==Life and career== Aged only 6 Bouffar appeared in ''La fille bien gardée'' in Marseille, and followed this with successful performances in Lyon. Her father then toured with her around western Europe and Scandinavia. After her father’s death in 1854 she continued travelling, bringing into her repertoire some of the contemporary songs of Offenbach, who heard her sing in Hamburg in 1864. The same year Bouffar appeared at Bad Ems in Offenbach's ''Lischen et Fritzchen'', and repeated her success in Paris.〔Gänzl K. ''The Encyclopaedia of the Musical Theatre.'' Blackwell, Oxford, 1994.〕 From this time for about 12 years Bouffar was probably Offenbach's mistress – his longest extra-marital liaison.〔Harding J. ''Jacques Offenbach, a biography.'' John Calder, London, 1980.〕 She created Nani in ''Les géorgiennes'', Jeannet in ''Les bergers'', Gabrielle in ''La vie Parisienne'', Drogan in ''Geneviève de Brabant'', Toto in ''Le château à Toto'', Fragoletto in ''Les Brigands'', Robin Luron in ''Le Roi Carotte'', Ginetta in ''Les braconniers'', Moschetta in ''Il signor Fagotto'' and Prince Caprice in ''Le voyage dans la lune'' – a range of men's and women's roles.〔 In 1873 Bouffar was reported in the Parisian press to have been considered for the title role of Bizet's new opera, ''Carmen''. Although the composer refuted the story, the singer did attend the premiere of the piece in 1875.〔Curtiss M. ''Bizet and his world.'' New York, Vienna House, 1958.〕 From 1891-93 Bouffar became the manager of the Théâtre de l'Ambigu-Comique. In the latter part of her stage career, Bouffar appeared in operettas by Lecocq and Strauss, and sang around Europe. She announced her retirement from the stage in 1902.〔 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Zulma Bouffar」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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